Real World Evidence (RWE)
RWE describes evidence relating to patient health or experience or care delivery collected in the ‘real world’, i.e. outside of controlled research studies. The quality of RWE varies widely and its use is not consistently accepted but it has the potential to reduce uncertainty and improve decision-making.
Analysing Global Immunisation Expenditure
15 April 2025
Immunisation programmes are foundational to public health. Organised by health authorities, they systematically deliver vaccines to susceptible populations to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Navigating the Intersection of Healthcare and Environmental Sustainability: ISPOR Europe round-up on the inclusion of environmental impact in HTA
17 January 2024
In this insight, commissioned and funded by Chiesi S.p.A, we reflect on the discussions that took place at ISPOR Europe 2023 and how environmental impact is factored into HTA.
Real-World Evidence: Current Best Practice for Reimbursement Decision-Making
15 May 2023
In this report, we discuss best practices for RWE generation and the steps needed to enhance the assessment and use of quality RWE in reimbursement decisions.
Making Outcome-Based Payment a Reality in the NHS. Phase Two: Practical Considerations
1 December 2021
Outcome-based payment (OBP) is a flexible payment mechanism linking the price the NHS pays for a medicine to the outcomes it achieves in practice for NHS…
Data Governance Arrangements for Real-World Evidence in Japan
1 September 2019
In 2015, OHE Consulting published a report on data governance arrangements for real-world evidence (RWE) covering the specifics under which RWE was used in eight different…
New Publications: Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Formulary Decisions
7 December 2018
Two articles, published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, explore the use of real-world evidence for coverage and formulary decisions.
Legal Barriers to the Better Use of Health Data to Deliver Pharmaceutical Innovation
1 December 2018
The proliferation of health data in our ever more digitalised world of health care creates opportunities for better research around – and delivery of – pharmaceutical…
Understanding the Context, Selecting the Standards: A Framework to Guide the Optimal Development and Use of Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Formulary Decisions
1 March 2018
OHE Research Paper 18/02: Real World Evidence (RWE) – This paper provides a framework and specific steps to help both manufacturers and payers meet the challenge…
Real World Evidence for Coverage Decisions: Opportunities and Challenges
3 January 2018
OHE Research Paper 18/01: This paper sets out the potential opportunities and important challenges and limitations that must be addressed in considering options for using RWE…