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Health Care as a Handicraft Industry
9 January 1995
…encourage many, as his theory of contestability, which first surfaced in the 1980s, has shaped modern economic thinking about industrial structure and competition. However, his thesis is that competition and…
The Case of Risperidone: Assessing the Life-cycle Value of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Sweden and the UK
1 July 2019
…much additional value has been delivered through additional approved indications for SGAs, generic competition or new and clinically superior formulations launched. Using risperidone as representative of the SGA class and…
Exploring the Financial Sustainability of Gene Therapies
5 January 2021
…into account in the price. Pragmatic steps should be taken to share the cost offsets between the manufacturer and the payer. 3. Competition for gene therapies: Gene therapies are short-term…
Margaret Kyle
3 February 2023
Margaret Kyle (PhD, MIT Economics) studies innovation, productivity and competition. She has a number of papers examining R&D productivity in the pharmaceutical industry, specifically the role of geographic and academic…
The Inflation Reduction Act: Price negotiation underway for the first 10 drugs
29 November 2023
…high volume (they treat highly prevalent diseases), high levels of rebates due to competition within their therapeutic classes, and pending generic or biosimilar competition. Therefore, the extent to which the…
OHE’s submission to a parliamentary inquiry on UK drug shortages
6 October 2025
…lead to a lack of incentive to invest. Tendering can lead to price erosion, which can result in suppliers leaving tendered markets leading to supplier concentration. This reduced competition has…
Reflections from Adrian Towse on decades of HEOR research and impact
11 November 2025
…lot of my 20s and 30s working in consultancy for the UK government and regulators on competition and regulation, notably the organisation of a competitive privatised electricity market. My first…
Biosimilars: Issues Overview
1 June 2010
…and makes unlikely the aggressive price competition on entry that has characterised the generics market. Overall, the number of biologics that have a large enough market share to attract biosimilars is…
What do Pharmaceuticals Really Cost in the Long Run?
6 October 2017
…prices. The long run price of prescription drugs depends on the nature and consequences of generic competition which reduces drug prices significantly after patent expiration. To estimate the value that…