Germany
New Guidelines for Economic Evaluation in Germany and the United Kingdom: Are We Any Closer to Developing International Standards?
1 November 2008
Australia was the first, in 1993, to make economic evaluation an important component of its decisions about reimbursement of drugs. Since then, several jurisdictions have followed…
The Life Cycle of Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Perspective
1 April 2002
This study provides a life cycle perspective on cross-national differences in pharmaceutical prices, volumes and expenditures. Most previous studies have focused solely on cross-national differences in…
The Road to Sustainability in the UK and German Biotechnology Industries
1 August 2000
The UK and Germany are the European leaders in biotechnology. They have many more companies and employees in biotechnology, and much greater sums invested in biotechnology…
Prices, Competition and Regulation in Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Comparison
1 June 2000
Most countries regulate manufacturer prices for pharmaceuticals, either directly (France, Italy) or indirectly through controls on reimbursement (Germany, Japan) or profits (the UK). It is widely…
Risk Adjusting Health Care Resource Allocations
1 December 1999
Most health care systems are characterised by both purchasers (insurers, health authorities), who buy health care for a particular population, and providers (hospitals, primary care physicians),…
Managed Care – An Option for the German Health Care System?
1 April 1998
Caught between rising expenditure, suspected room for improved efficiency and dwindling availability of public funds, Germany’s health care system is now in the forefront of public…
Pharmaceuticals in seven nations
1 May 1985
Great Britain at the suggestion of and in close collaboration with Medizinisch Pharmazeutische Studiengesellschaft (MPS) in the Federal Republic of Germany, OHE is funded entirely by…