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Transparency as a principle of good governance is not the same as transparency for improving access by lowering prices. In fact, the former often carries an opportunity cost on the latter. Developing country markets are, however, dominated by generic products and encouraging competition through sharing prices makes sense if capacities are there to use the data to inform procurement decisions and protect against collusion.

‘Cascades of care’ have emerged as an attractive tool for assessing access to care for numerous chronic diseases. Dr Haacker will examine the use of cascades of care across diseases and populations, evaluate the use of cross-sectional targets in disease control strategies (e.g., the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets), and address implications for cost-effectiveness analysis.